Temperature isnt a issue and can be rectified. Throw a tube and a air rock and you have air so that is solved, Filtration can easily be modified onto the air rock if no space for a good filtration and do a diy bio media rock and sponge filtration. If those all are done right amonia and ph and your nitrite and nitrates should be fine.
As for sealing in the componets that could be an issue but like i mentioned in my post i would just use acrylic and aquarium sealer and build around the componets so they have room for the water cooling and add extra mosfets along with soe other resources for air.
So other then sealing the parts right in with sealer which most likely would not work there is a way but needs to be carefully planned.
Also if you dont go for tropical fish and maybe go for something that requires a cooler temp to live in like 24 degrees c, which would be below room temp, which we know you cant air cool past anyways, if you put a chiler in the system for the water of the aquarium it would probably actually help cool your system like water cooling and work better since most water cooling systems I have seeen dont have a chiller on them.
As a side note i would keep the chiller external because internally it may cause some condensation effects unless of course its a submersable but they cost even more and would take up some space that the fish most likely could use.